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feat!: remove Chain prefix from Error and Result

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like `anyhow`

Signed-off-by: Harald Hoyer <harald@hoyer.xyz>
This commit is contained in:
Harald Hoyer 2023-07-27 14:36:10 +02:00
parent f5c8afce0d
commit 1327575aa9
Signed by: harald
GPG key ID: 900F3C4971086004
1 changed files with 89 additions and 94 deletions
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183
src/lib.rs
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@ -101,8 +101,8 @@
#![deny(missing_docs)] #![deny(missing_docs)]
use std::any::TypeId; use std::any::TypeId;
use std::error::Error; use std::error::Error as StdError;
use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result}; use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter};
use std::panic::Location; use std::panic::Location;
pub mod prelude { pub mod prelude {
@ -110,28 +110,29 @@ pub mod prelude {
pub mod v1 { pub mod v1 {
//! convenience prelude //! convenience prelude
pub use super::super::ChainErrorDown as _; pub use super::super::ChainErrorDown as _;
pub use super::super::Error as ChainError;
pub use super::super::Result as ChainResult;
pub use super::super::ResultTrait as _; pub use super::super::ResultTrait as _;
pub use super::super::{ChainError, ChainResult};
pub use crate::{derive_err_kind, derive_str_context}; pub use crate::{derive_err_kind, derive_str_context};
} }
} }
/// chains an inner error kind `T` with a causing error /// chains an inner error kind `T` with a causing error
pub struct ChainError<T> { pub struct Error<T> {
occurrence: Option<String>, occurrence: Option<String>,
kind: T, kind: T,
error_cause: Option<Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>>, error_cause: Option<Box<dyn StdError + 'static + Send + Sync>>,
} }
/// convenience type alias /// convenience type alias
pub type ChainResult<O, E> = std::result::Result<O, ChainError<E>>; pub type Result<O, E> = std::result::Result<O, Error<E>>;
impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> { impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Error<T> {
/// Use the `context()` or `map_context()` Result methods instead of calling this directly /// Use the `context()` or `map_context()` Result methods instead of calling this directly
#[inline] #[inline]
pub fn new( pub fn new(
kind: T, kind: T,
error_cause: Option<Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>>, error_cause: Option<Box<dyn StdError + 'static + Send + Sync>>,
occurrence: Option<String>, occurrence: Option<String>,
) -> Self { ) -> Self {
Self { Self {
@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> {
} }
/// return the root cause of the error chain, if any exists /// return the root cause of the error chain, if any exists
pub fn root_cause(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> { pub fn root_cause(&self) -> Option<&(dyn StdError + 'static)> {
self.iter().last() self.iter().last()
} }
@ -190,9 +191,9 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> {
/// # } /// # }
/// ``` /// ```
#[inline] #[inline]
pub fn find_cause<U: Error + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&U> { pub fn find_cause<U: StdError + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&U> {
self.iter() self.iter()
.filter_map(<dyn Error>::downcast_ref::<U>) .filter_map(<dyn StdError>::downcast_ref::<U>)
.next() .next()
} }
@ -213,9 +214,9 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> {
/// err.find_chain_cause::<FooError>(); /// err.find_chain_cause::<FooError>();
/// ``` /// ```
#[inline] #[inline]
pub fn find_chain_cause<U: Error + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&ChainError<U>> { pub fn find_chain_cause<U: StdError + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&Error<U>> {
self.iter() self.iter()
.filter_map(<dyn Error>::downcast_ref::<ChainError<U>>) .filter_map(<dyn StdError>::downcast_ref::<Error<U>>)
.next() .next()
} }
@ -240,10 +241,10 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> {
/// err.find_kind_or_cause::<FooErrorKind>(); /// err.find_kind_or_cause::<FooErrorKind>();
/// ``` /// ```
#[inline] #[inline]
pub fn find_kind_or_cause<U: Error + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&U> { pub fn find_kind_or_cause<U: StdError + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&U> {
self.iter() self.iter()
.filter_map(|e| { .filter_map(|e| {
e.downcast_ref::<ChainError<U>>() e.downcast_ref::<Error<U>>()
.map(|e| e.kind()) .map(|e| e.kind())
.or_else(|| e.downcast_ref::<U>()) .or_else(|| e.downcast_ref::<U>())
}) })
@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> {
/// ///
/// # Example /// # Example
#[inline] #[inline]
pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(dyn Error + 'static)> { pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(dyn StdError + 'static)> {
ErrorIter { ErrorIter {
current: Some(self), current: Some(self),
} }
@ -321,32 +322,26 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainError<T> {
} }
/// Convenience methods for `Result<>` to turn the error into a decorated ChainError /// Convenience methods for `Result<>` to turn the error into a decorated ChainError
pub trait ResultTrait<O, E: Into<Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>>> { pub trait ResultTrait<O, E: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static + Send + Sync>>> {
/// Decorate the error with a `kind` of type `T` and the source `Location` /// Decorate the error with a `kind` of type `T` and the source `Location`
fn context<T: 'static + Display + Debug>( fn context<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(self, kind: T) -> std::result::Result<O, Error<T>>;
self,
kind: T,
) -> std::result::Result<O, ChainError<T>>;
/// Decorate the `error` with a `kind` of type `T` produced with a `FnOnce(&error)` and the source `Location` /// Decorate the `error` with a `kind` of type `T` produced with a `FnOnce(&error)` and the source `Location`
fn map_context<T: 'static + Display + Debug, F: FnOnce(&E) -> T>( fn map_context<T: 'static + Display + Debug, F: FnOnce(&E) -> T>(
self, self,
op: F, op: F,
) -> std::result::Result<O, ChainError<T>>; ) -> std::result::Result<O, Error<T>>;
} }
impl<O, E: Into<Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>>> ResultTrait<O, E> impl<O, E: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static + Send + Sync>>> ResultTrait<O, E>
for std::result::Result<O, E> for std::result::Result<O, E>
{ {
#[track_caller] #[track_caller]
#[inline] #[inline]
fn context<T: 'static + Display + Debug>( fn context<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(self, kind: T) -> std::result::Result<O, Error<T>> {
self,
kind: T,
) -> std::result::Result<O, ChainError<T>> {
match self { match self {
Ok(t) => Ok(t), Ok(t) => Ok(t),
Err(error_cause) => Err(ChainError::new( Err(error_cause) => Err(Error::new(
kind, kind,
Some(error_cause.into()), Some(error_cause.into()),
Some(Location::caller().to_string()), Some(Location::caller().to_string()),
@ -359,12 +354,12 @@ impl<O, E: Into<Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>>> ResultTrait<O, E>
fn map_context<T: 'static + Display + Debug, F: FnOnce(&E) -> T>( fn map_context<T: 'static + Display + Debug, F: FnOnce(&E) -> T>(
self, self,
op: F, op: F,
) -> std::result::Result<O, ChainError<T>> { ) -> std::result::Result<O, Error<T>> {
match self { match self {
Ok(t) => Ok(t), Ok(t) => Ok(t),
Err(error_cause) => { Err(error_cause) => {
let kind = op(&error_cause); let kind = op(&error_cause);
Err(ChainError::new( Err(Error::new(
kind, kind,
Some(error_cause.into()), Some(error_cause.into()),
Some(Location::caller().to_string()), Some(Location::caller().to_string()),
@ -376,21 +371,21 @@ impl<O, E: Into<Box<dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync>>> ResultTrait<O, E>
/// An iterator over all error causes/sources /// An iterator over all error causes/sources
pub struct ErrorIter<'a> { pub struct ErrorIter<'a> {
current: Option<&'a (dyn Error + 'static)>, current: Option<&'a (dyn StdError + 'static)>,
} }
impl<'a> Iterator for ErrorIter<'a> { impl<'a> Iterator for ErrorIter<'a> {
type Item = &'a (dyn Error + 'static); type Item = &'a (dyn StdError + 'static);
#[inline] #[inline]
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
let current = self.current; let current = self.current;
self.current = self.current.and_then(Error::source); self.current = self.current.and_then(StdError::source);
current current
} }
} }
impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> std::ops::Deref for ChainError<T> { impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> std::ops::Deref for Error<T> {
type Target = T; type Target = T;
#[inline] #[inline]
@ -404,28 +399,28 @@ pub trait ChainErrorDown {
/// Test if of type `ChainError<T>` /// Test if of type `ChainError<T>`
fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool; fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool;
/// Downcast to a reference of `ChainError<T>` /// Downcast to a reference of `ChainError<T>`
fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&ChainError<T>>; fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&Error<T>>;
/// Downcast to a mutable reference of `ChainError<T>` /// Downcast to a mutable reference of `ChainError<T>`
fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChainError<T>>; fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Error<T>>;
/// Downcast to T of `ChainError<T>` /// Downcast to T of `ChainError<T>`
fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + Error>(&self) -> Option<&T>; fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + StdError>(&self) -> Option<&T>;
/// Downcast to T mutable reference of `ChainError<T>` /// Downcast to T mutable reference of `ChainError<T>`
fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + Error>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>; fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + StdError>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>;
} }
impl<U: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainErrorDown for ChainError<U> { impl<U: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainErrorDown for Error<U> {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool { fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool {
TypeId::of::<T>() == TypeId::of::<U>() TypeId::of::<T>() == TypeId::of::<U>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&Error<T>> {
if self.is_chain::<T>() { if self.is_chain::<T>() {
#[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)] #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
unsafe { unsafe {
#[allow(trivial_casts)] #[allow(trivial_casts)]
Some(*(self as *const dyn Error as *const &ChainError<T>)) Some(*(self as *const dyn StdError as *const &Error<T>))
} }
} else { } else {
None None
@ -433,24 +428,24 @@ impl<U: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainErrorDown for ChainError<U> {
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Error<T>> {
if self.is_chain::<T>() { if self.is_chain::<T>() {
#[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)] #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
unsafe { unsafe {
#[allow(trivial_casts)] #[allow(trivial_casts)]
Some(&mut *(self as *mut dyn Error as *mut &mut ChainError<T>)) Some(&mut *(self as *mut dyn StdError as *mut &mut Error<T>))
} }
} else { } else {
None None
} }
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + Error>(&self) -> Option<&T> { fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + StdError>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
if self.is_chain::<T>() { if self.is_chain::<T>() {
#[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)] #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
unsafe { unsafe {
#[allow(trivial_casts)] #[allow(trivial_casts)]
Some(&(*(self as *const dyn Error as *const &ChainError<T>)).kind) Some(&(*(self as *const dyn StdError as *const &Error<T>)).kind)
} }
} else { } else {
None None
@ -458,12 +453,12 @@ impl<U: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainErrorDown for ChainError<U> {
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + Error>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> { fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + StdError>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
if self.is_chain::<T>() { if self.is_chain::<T>() {
#[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)] #[allow(clippy::cast_ptr_alignment)]
unsafe { unsafe {
#[allow(trivial_casts)] #[allow(trivial_casts)]
Some(&mut (*(self as *mut dyn Error as *mut &mut ChainError<T>)).kind) Some(&mut (*(self as *mut dyn StdError as *mut &mut Error<T>)).kind)
} }
} else { } else {
None None
@ -471,126 +466,126 @@ impl<U: 'static + Display + Debug> ChainErrorDown for ChainError<U> {
} }
} }
impl ChainErrorDown for dyn Error + 'static { impl ChainErrorDown for dyn StdError + 'static {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool { fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool {
self.is::<ChainError<T>>() self.is::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&Error<T>> {
self.downcast_ref::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_ref::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Error<T>> {
self.downcast_mut::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_mut::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + Error>(&self) -> Option<&T> { fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + StdError>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
self.downcast_ref::<T>() self.downcast_ref::<T>()
.or_else(|| self.downcast_ref::<ChainError<T>>().map(|e| e.kind())) .or_else(|| self.downcast_ref::<Error<T>>().map(|e| e.kind()))
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + Error>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> { fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + StdError>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
if self.is::<T>() { if self.is::<T>() {
return self.downcast_mut::<T>(); return self.downcast_mut::<T>();
} }
self.downcast_mut::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_mut::<Error<T>>()
.and_then(|e| e.downcast_inner_mut::<T>()) .and_then(|e| e.downcast_inner_mut::<T>())
} }
} }
impl ChainErrorDown for dyn Error + 'static + Send { impl ChainErrorDown for dyn StdError + 'static + Send {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool { fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool {
self.is::<ChainError<T>>() self.is::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&Error<T>> {
self.downcast_ref::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_ref::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Error<T>> {
self.downcast_mut::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_mut::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + Error>(&self) -> Option<&T> { fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + StdError>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
self.downcast_ref::<T>() self.downcast_ref::<T>()
.or_else(|| self.downcast_ref::<ChainError<T>>().map(|e| e.kind())) .or_else(|| self.downcast_ref::<Error<T>>().map(|e| e.kind()))
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + Error>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> { fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + StdError>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
if self.is::<T>() { if self.is::<T>() {
return self.downcast_mut::<T>(); return self.downcast_mut::<T>();
} }
self.downcast_mut::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_mut::<Error<T>>()
.and_then(|e| e.downcast_inner_mut::<T>()) .and_then(|e| e.downcast_inner_mut::<T>())
} }
} }
impl ChainErrorDown for dyn Error + 'static + Send + Sync { impl ChainErrorDown for dyn StdError + 'static + Send + Sync {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool { fn is_chain<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> bool {
self.is::<ChainError<T>>() self.is::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_ref<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&self) -> Option<&Error<T>> {
self.downcast_ref::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_ref::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChainError<T>> { fn downcast_chain_mut<T: 'static + Display + Debug>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Error<T>> {
self.downcast_mut::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_mut::<Error<T>>()
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + Error>(&self) -> Option<&T> { fn downcast_inner_ref<T: 'static + StdError>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
self.downcast_ref::<T>() self.downcast_ref::<T>()
.or_else(|| self.downcast_ref::<ChainError<T>>().map(|e| e.kind())) .or_else(|| self.downcast_ref::<Error<T>>().map(|e| e.kind()))
} }
#[inline] #[inline]
fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + Error>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> { fn downcast_inner_mut<T: 'static + StdError>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
if self.is::<T>() { if self.is::<T>() {
return self.downcast_mut::<T>(); return self.downcast_mut::<T>();
} }
self.downcast_mut::<ChainError<T>>() self.downcast_mut::<Error<T>>()
.and_then(|e| e.downcast_inner_mut::<T>()) .and_then(|e| e.downcast_inner_mut::<T>())
} }
} }
impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Error for ChainError<T> { impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> StdError for Error<T> {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> { fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn StdError + 'static)> {
self.error_cause self.error_cause
.as_ref() .as_ref()
.map(|e| e.as_ref() as &(dyn Error + 'static)) .map(|e| e.as_ref() as &(dyn StdError + 'static))
} }
} }
impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Error for &mut ChainError<T> { impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> StdError for &mut Error<T> {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> { fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn StdError + 'static)> {
self.error_cause self.error_cause
.as_ref() .as_ref()
.map(|e| e.as_ref() as &(dyn Error + 'static)) .map(|e| e.as_ref() as &(dyn StdError + 'static))
} }
} }
impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Display for ChainError<T> { impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Display for Error<T> {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.kind)?; write!(f, "{}", self.kind)?;
if f.alternate() { if f.alternate() {
@ -603,9 +598,9 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Display for ChainError<T> {
} }
} }
impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Debug for ChainError<T> { impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Debug for Error<T> {
#[inline] #[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
if f.alternate() { if f.alternate() {
let mut f = f.debug_struct(&format!("ChainError<{}>", std::any::type_name::<T>())); let mut f = f.debug_struct(&format!("ChainError<{}>", std::any::type_name::<T>()));
@ -636,14 +631,14 @@ impl<T: 'static + Display + Debug> Debug for ChainError<T> {
} }
} }
impl<T> From<T> for ChainError<T> impl<T> From<T> for Error<T>
where where
T: 'static + Display + Debug, T: 'static + Display + Debug,
{ {
#[track_caller] #[track_caller]
#[inline] #[inline]
fn from(e: T) -> ChainError<T> { fn from(e: T) -> Error<T> {
ChainError::new(e, None, Some(Location::caller().to_string())) Error::new(e, None, Some(Location::caller().to_string()))
} }
} }
/// Convenience macro to create a "new type" T(String) and implement Display + Debug for T /// Convenience macro to create a "new type" T(String) and implement Display + Debug for T
@ -651,7 +646,7 @@ where
/// # Examples /// # Examples
/// ///
/// ```rust /// ```rust
/// # use crate::chainerror::*; /// # use chainerror::prelude::v1::*;
/// # use std::error::Error; /// # use std::error::Error;
/// # use std::io; /// # use std::io;
/// # use std::result::Result; /// # use std::result::Result;
@ -770,7 +765,7 @@ macro_rules! derive_str_context {
#[macro_export] #[macro_export]
macro_rules! derive_err_kind { macro_rules! derive_err_kind {
($e:ident, $k:ident) => { ($e:ident, $k:ident) => {
pub struct $e($crate::ChainError<$k>); pub struct $e($crate::Error<$k>);
impl $e { impl $e {
pub fn kind(&self) -> &$k { pub fn kind(&self) -> &$k {
@ -780,12 +775,12 @@ macro_rules! derive_err_kind {
impl From<$k> for $e { impl From<$k> for $e {
fn from(e: $k) -> Self { fn from(e: $k) -> Self {
$e($crate::ChainError::new(e, None, None)) $e($crate::Error::new(e, None, None))
} }
} }
impl From<ChainError<$k>> for $e { impl From<ChainError<$k>> for $e {
fn from(e: $crate::ChainError<$k>) -> Self { fn from(e: $crate::Error<$k>) -> Self {
$e(e) $e(e)
} }
} }